Climate K2 Air Base 2020-2024

Climate and trends: average temperature, flight conditions, precipitation, wind speed and direction.

Calculated from historical METAR data of Erbil International Airport (ORER) between 2020 and 2024.

VFR conditions (%)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	54.8	51	65	39	77	61
February	66.8	62	85	73	81	63
March	73.3	80	68	70	80	84
April	76.5		83	62	67	90
May	81.5		70	71	91	95
June	84.4		77	67	86	97
July	88.3		85	83	85	98
August	88.5		90	70	90	99
September	89.5		85	84	99	98
October	75.7		88	80	80	90
November	66.6		55	71	80	59
December	54.0		44	63	47	68
Average	75.2	65.4	76.1	70.0	81.4	85.0

4th best VFR conditions of Iraq

VFR conditions during daylight period

Percentage of observations where the VFR minimums for ceiling and visibility are met: visibility of 8 km or more and a ceiling of 3,000 ft or more. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Marginal VFR conditions (%)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	89.0	83	93	83	98	91
February	93.3	86	95	95	98	94
March	95.4	97	95	95	99	99
April	97.0		99	91	100	100
May	96.9		99	87	100	99
June	97.8		97	95	100	99
July	99.4		100	97	100	100
August	98.8		100	96	98	100
September	98.9		97	97	100	100
October	96.3		99	100	98	100
November	93.4		88	93	100	92
December	84.5		80	89	81	93
Average	95.0	89.6	96.0	93.3	97.8	97.4

Marginal VFR conditions or better during daylight period

Percentage of observations where the MVFR minimums for ceiling and visibility are met: visibility of 5 km or more and a ceiling of 1,000 ft or more. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Maximum temperatures (°C)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	13.4	14	15	11	15	13
February	15.0	15	14	17	17	14
March	18.8	18	20	16	20	20
April	25.0		24	27	29	24
May	32.3		32	30	37	33
June	39.2		38	40	40	39
July	42.8		43	43	43	44
August	42.7		44	43	43	41
September	38.2		38	39	37	40
October	30.6		30	32	30	33
November	21.8		22	22	23	21
December	16.2		17	18	15	16
Average	26.6	15.8	28.2	28.5	29.1	28.0

4th highest temperature of Iraq

Average highest temperature per day

The maximum temperature is typically observed some hours after noon.

Minimum temperatures (°C)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	3.0	6	3	2	3	3
February	3.8	5	2	5	4	4
March	7.2	6	10	4	7	8
April	10.1		11	9	12	10
May	16.4		17	15	20	15
June	22.6		23	25	22	21
July	26.1		27	25	28	26
August	25.6		28	24	26	24
September	21.2		22	22	19	23
October	16.2		17	18	16	14
November	9.4		12	10	9	9
December	5.6		7	7	4	4
Average	13.0	5.4	14.9	13.9	14.0	13.3

2nd lowest temperature of Iraq

Average lowest temperature per day

The minimum temperature is typically observed just before sunrise.

Precipitation (%)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	8.3	5	6	11	9	16
February	7.3	8	4	5	4	11
March	8.3	6	8	2	5	11
April	3.6		3	0	1	5
May	1.6		1	1	1	3
June	0.2		0	0	0	0
July	0.0		0	0	0	0
August	0.0		0	0	0	0
September	0.0		0	0	0	0
October	1.1		1	1	1	0
November	5.8		6	7	2	9
December	7.3		7	4	2	4
Average	3.7	6.6	2.4	2.0	1.8	4.5

Precipitation during daylight period

Percentage of observations with observed rain, drizzle, snow or hail. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Wind speed (knots)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	5.9	6	5	6	6	6
February	5.8	5	6	6	5	7
March	7.1	7	8	7	7	7
April	6.4		7	6	7	6
May	6.9		8	7	7	7
June	7.0		7	7	7	7
July	6.9		7	6	7	7
August	6.6		7	7	7	6
September	5.9		6	6	6	6
October	6.1		5	6	6	5
November	5.6		6	6	5	6
December	5.6		5	5	7	5
Average	6.4	6.2	6.6	6.4	6.5	6.2

4th highest wind speed of Iraq

Average wind speed

Excluding wind gusts. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Prevailing wind direction

Month	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	181°	182°	155°	138°	142°
February	093°	202°	145°	205°	143°
March	168°	172°	193°	187°	141°
April		182°	219°	246°	260°
May		217°	221°	250°	239°
June		246°	254°	276°	257°
July		236°	273°	259°	262°
August		201°	250°	231°	231°
September		244°	259°	254°	264°
October		229°	179°	266°	260°
November		163°	221°	295°	101°
December		168°	307°	175°	355°

Prevailing wind direction

Average wind direction, weighed by wind speed. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.