Climate Pulkovo Airport 2020-2024

Climate and trends: average temperature, flight conditions, precipitation, wind speed and direction.

Calculated from historical METAR data of Pulkovo Airport (ULLI) between 2020 and 2024.

VFR conditions (%)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	30.0	46	27	30	29	29
February	36.9	38	37	28	36	48
March	62.3	53	48	77	60	72
April	78.1		83	81	76	79
May	86.3		95	83	75	89
June	89.8		96	88	98	89
July	84.7		88	92	98	83
August	82.3		86	80	73	85
September	72.0		80	63	65	79
October	55.8		52	57	69	56
November	29.0		22	15	26	34
December	23.0		21	29	30	25
Average	66.2	46.4	70.5	69.3	69.3	71.6

62nd best VFR conditions of Russia

VFR conditions during daylight period

Percentage of observations where the VFR minimums for ceiling and visibility are met: visibility of 8 km or more and a ceiling of 3,000 ft or more. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Marginal VFR conditions (%)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	66.5	69	62	70	53	77
February	74.9	69	82	81	71	87
March	88.6	91	78	95	87	91
April	93.5		95	92	92	98
May	95.9		99	97	91	98
June	98.0		99	99	100	95
July	96.0		97	98	100	98
August	96.8		98	96	94	97
September	92.8		97	88	95	97
October	85.7		87	87	91	80
November	69.1		67	58	65	80
December	59.5		54	63	67	57
Average	87.7	78.5	89.2	90.0	88.1	91.2

Marginal VFR conditions or better during daylight period

Percentage of observations where the MVFR minimums for ceiling and visibility are met: visibility of 5 km or more and a ceiling of 1,000 ft or more. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Maximum temperatures (°C)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	-3.7	-7	-1	-2	-4	3
February	-2.2	-2	-1	0	-7	2
March	2.8	6	2	3	2	5
April	9.0		12	8	9	7
May	15.6		17	14	16	14
June	21.6		22	21	25	23
July	22.6		22	24	27	21
August	21.9		24	25	20	21
September	15.8		20	13	13	17
October	9.1		8	10	10	11
November	3.1		2	2	4	6
December	-2.5		-4	-3	-5	0
Average	8.4	-1.0	10.1	10.0	9.2	10.8

36th highest temperature of Russia

Average highest temperature per day

The maximum temperature is typically observed some hours after noon.

Minimum temperatures (°C)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	-8.9	-13	-5	-8	-7	-1
February	-7.2	-7	-6	-4	-14	-2
March	-5.8	-1	-5	-5	-6	-2
April	0.0		1	-1	1	0
May	5.3		5	5	7	3
June	11.4		10	11	15	13
July	13.4		13	14	16	13
August	12.9		14	14	12	12
September	8.2		10	6	7	9
October	3.5		2	5	4	5
November	-1.4		-2	-2	0	1
December	-6.8		-7	-8	-12	-3
Average	1.5	-8.9	2.5	2.6	1.9	4.1

54th lowest temperature of Russia

Average lowest temperature per day

The minimum temperature is typically observed just before sunrise.

Precipitation (%)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	36.0	40	45	38	36	15
February	32.6	24	34	31	48	21
March	18.3	10	33	11	18	14
April	13.7		8	15	15	14
May	8.2		4	6	17	9
June	6.1		4	8	2	5
July	8.0		8	7	3	10
August	8.9		6	8	13	10
September	10.7		4	17	14	5
October	15.5		18	15	7	16
November	23.1		40	32	29	15
December	38.6		54	46	47	25
Average	15.8	21.8	16.1	14.8	16.3	11.7

Precipitation during daylight period

Percentage of observations with observed rain, drizzle, snow or hail. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Wind speed (knots)

Month	Average	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	8.8	8	10	9	6	12
February	9.2	9	9	10	8	12
March	9.3	8	9	9	10	10
April	8.6		8	9	9	10
May	8.3		9	10	8	8
June	7.8		7	7	7	7
July	7.6		9	7	8	8
August	7.6		8	7	9	6
September	8.5		8	7	10	9
October	8.8		10	9	10	6
November	8.7		7	9	10	8
December	8.5		8	8	9	8
Average	8.4	8.4	8.5	8.2	8.5	8.4

36th highest wind speed of Russia

Average wind speed

Excluding wind gusts. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Prevailing wind direction

Month	2024	2023	2022	2021	2020
January	224°	201°	266°	108°	250°
February	173°	244°	219°	294°	238°
March	211°	250°	285°	252°	252°
April		036°	332°	276°	290°
May		295°	298°	160°	326°
June		311°	293°	276°	068°
July		272°	264°	276°	257°
August		134°	174°	187°	286°
September		219°	334°	318°	243°
October		258°	247°	218°	161°
November		113°	128°	255°	216°
December		132°	140°	261°	151°

Prevailing wind direction

Average wind direction, weighed by wind speed. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.