Statistics Pulkovo Airport 2019-2023

Climate and trends: average temperature, flight conditions, precipitation, wind speed and direction.

Calculated from historical METAR data of Pulkovo Airport (ULLI) between 2019 and 2023.

VFR conditions (%)

Month	Average	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	27.8	27	30	29	29	32
February	36.7	37	28	36	48	39
March	63.6	48	77	60	72	55
April	78.1	83	81	76	79	92
May	84.9		83	75	89	76
June	88.8		88	98	89	90
July	84.1		92	98	83	78
August	81.8		80	73	85	86
September	70.7		63	65	79	82
October	56.4		57	69	56	49
November	30.1		15	26	34	34
December	23.4		29	30	25	18
Average	66.7	53.7	69.3	69.3	71.6	68.6

62nd best VFR conditions of Russia

VFR conditions during daylight period

Percentage of observations where the VFR minimums for ceiling and visibility are met:

• Visibility: 8 km or more
• Ceiling: 3,000 ft or more

Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Marginal VFR conditions (%)

Month	Average	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	66.2	62	70	53	77	72
February	75.8	82	81	71	87	64
March	88.2	78	95	87	91	86
April	93.5	95	92	92	98	99
May	95.4		97	91	98	92
June	97.8		99	100	95	98
July	95.8		98	100	98	94
August	96.7		96	94	97	99
September	92.0		88	95	97	96
October	85.6		87	91	80	79
November	69.5		58	65	80	61
December	60.5		63	67	57	55
Average	88.0	81.6	90.0	88.1	91.2	87.8

Marginal VFR conditions or better during daylight period

Percentage of observations where the MVFR minimums for ceiling and visibility are met:

• Visibility: 5 km or more
• Ceiling: 1,000 ft or more

Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Maximum temperatures (°C)

Month	Average	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	-2.3	-1	-2	-4	3	-4
February	-2.3	-1	0	-7	2	1
March	2.4	2	3	2	5	3
April	9.0	12	8	9	7	12
May	15.5		14	16	14	17
June	21.5		21	25	23	22
July	22.7		24	27	21	20
August	21.6		25	20	21	21
September	15.0		13	13	17	15
October	9.4		10	10	11	8
November	3.4		2	4	6	3
December	-2.9		-3	-5	0	3
Average	8.8	2.9	10.0	9.2	10.8	10.0

36th highest temperature of Russia

Average highest temperature per day

The maximum temperature is typically observed some hours after noon.

Minimum temperatures (°C)

Month	Average	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	-7.7	-5	-8	-7	-1	-10
February	-7.3	-6	-4	-14	-2	-4
March	-5.4	-5	-5	-6	-2	-4
April	0.0	1	-1	1	0	0
May	5.3		5	7	3	6
June	11.6		11	15	13	13
July	13.5		14	16	13	11
August	12.7		14	12	12	11
September	7.9		6	7	9	8
October	3.8		5	4	5	3
November	-1.7		-2	0	1	-1
December	-5.2		-8	-12	-3	-1
Average	1.8	-4.3	2.6	1.9	4.1	2.7

54th lowest temperature of Russia

Average lowest temperature per day

The minimum temperature is typically observed just before sunrise.

Precipitation (%)

Month	Average	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	35.5	45	38	36	15	54
February	33.9	34	31	48	21	28
March	19.5	33	11	18	14	25
April	13.7	8	15	15	14	6
May	8.9		6	17	9	12
June	6.4		8	2	5	5
July	8.0		7	3	10	10
August	9.4		8	13	10	6
September	11.9		17	14	5	14
October	15.1		15	7	16	20
November	20.3		32	29	15	20
December	35.9		46	47	25	39
Average	16.5	27.0	14.8	16.3	11.7	15.8

Precipitation during daylight period

Percentage of observations with observed rain, drizzle, snow or hail. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Wind speed (knots)

Month	Average	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	8.9	10	9	6	12	8
February	9.3	9	10	8	12	11
March	9.5	9	9	10	10	11
April	8.6	8	9	9	10	8
May	8.2		10	8	8	8
June	7.9		7	7	7	8
July	7.4		7	8	8	8
August	7.6		7	9	6	8
September	8.6		7	10	9	8
October	8.6		9	10	6	9
November	8.9		9	10	8	9
December	8.6		8	9	8	10
Average	8.5	9.2	8.2	8.5	8.4	8.5

36th highest wind speed of Russia

Average wind speed

Excluding wind gusts. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.

Prevailing wind direction

Month	2023	2022	2021	2020	2019
January	201°	266°	108°	250°	218°
February	244°	219°	294°	238°	252°
March	250°	285°	252°	252°	249°
April	036°	332°	276°	290°	001°
May		298°	160°	326°	249°
June		293°	276°	068°	281°
July		264°	276°	257°	342°
August		174°	187°	286°	275°
September		334°	318°	243°	238°
October		247°	218°	161°	245°
November		128°	255°	216°	143°
December		140°	261°	151°	226°

Prevailing wind direction

Average wind direction, weighed by wind speed. Only observations between sunrise and sunset are taken into account.